The shuttle effect and sluggish redox kinetics of polysulfides have hindered the development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) as premier energy storage devices. To address these issues, a high-entropy metal phosphide (NiCoMnFeCrP) was synthesized using the sol-gel method. NiCoMnFeCrP, with its rich metal species, exhibits strong synergistic effects and provides numerous catalytic active sites for the conversion of polysulfides. These active sites, possessing significant polarity, can bond with polysulfides. In situ ultraviolet-visible were conducted to monitor the dynamic changes in species and concentrations of polysulfides, validating the ability of NiCoMnFeCrP to facilitate the conversion of polysulfides. The batteries with the NiCoMnFeCrP catalyst as functional separators exhibited minimal capacity decay rates of 0.04 % and 0.23 % after 100 cycles at 0 °C and 60 °C, respectively. This indicates that the NiCoMnFeCrP catalyst possesses good thermal stability. Meanwhile, its area capacity can reach 4.78 mAh cm-2 at a high sulfur load of 4.54 mg cm-2. In conclusion, NiCoMnFeCrP achieves the objective of mitigating the shuttle effect and accelerating the kinetics of the redox reaction, thereby facilitating the commercialization of LSBs.
Research on Satyrium nepalense var. ciliatum (Lindl.) Hook. f. has primarily focused on populations in Northwestern Yunnan, with limited studies on pollination syndromes and insect behavior. In addition, it is geographically limited in its breeding system studies. Here, pollination syndromes, florivory, and breeding systems of S. nepalense var. ciliatum from Liangwang Mountain (Central Yunnan, China) were investigated through field work, microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and parafin section. It was revealed that the pollination syndrome was possessing out-crossing, such as bright color, a developed rostellum, nectar glands in the spur, and food hairs at the lip base. The color and nectar attracted flower visitors, and florivory was observed. Some flower visitors pollinated their companion species. Ants were identified as floral visitors for the first time in Satyrium, although substantial pollination was not observed. Ants might be potential pollinators. S. nepalense var. ciliatum possessed a mixed breeding system, including selfing, out-crossing, and apomixis, with apomixis being predominant in nature. It is suggested that the pollination syndrome, florivory, and pollination competition would contribute to its mixed breeding systems, particularly leading to the occurrence of apomixis.
Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) is a life-threatening systemic inflammatory syndrome involving innate immune hyperactivity triggered by various therapies, infections, and autoimmune conditions. However, the potential interplay between innate immune cells is not fully understood. Here, using poly I:C and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine storm models, a protective role of neutrophils through the modulation of macrophage activation was identified in a CSS model. Intravital imaging revealed neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (NDEVs) in the liver and spleen, which were captured by macrophages. NDEVs suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages when cocultured in vitro or infused into CSS models. Metabolic profiling of macrophages treated with NDEV revealed elevated levels of the anti-inflammatory metabolite, itaconate, which is produced from cis-aconitate in the Krebs cycle by cis-aconitate decarboxylase (Acod1, encoded by Irg1). Irg1 in macrophages, but not in neutrophils, was critical for the NDEV-mediated anti-inflammatory effects. Mechanistically, NDEVs delivered miR-27a-3p, which suppressed the expression of Suclg1, the gene encoding the enzyme that metabolizes itaconate, thereby resulting in the accumulation of itaconate in macrophages. These findings demonstrated that neutrophil-to-macrophage communication mediated by extracellular vesicles is critical for promoting the anti-inflammatory reprogramming of macrophages in CSS and may have potential implications for the treatment of this fatal condition.
The Diptera insects have important ecological functions. Many plants rely on Diptera insects for pollination, and they play an important role in Co-evolution with plants. We described the detailed characteristics across the complete mitogenome sequences of Desmometopa sabroskyi Brake, 2003 (Diptera: Milichiidae) and an unidentified species of Gampsocera (Diptera: Chloropidae), which are pollinators of orchid species. Sequences were assembled and annotated using the reference genomes of Phyllomyza sp. (OP612805) and Elachiptera insignis (OP612812) available in Genbank. The complete mitogenomes of D. sabroskyi and Gampsocera sp. are 15,841 bp and 16,036 bp in length, respectively. Both mitogenomes include 37 genes consisting of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), and one noncoding region (NCR). The mitogenome data would better contribute to species identification, taxonomy, phylogenetics, and evolutionary analysis of Diptera insects.â¯.
Phase transition materials with switchable second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have attracted extensive attention because of their great application potential in photoelectric switches, sensors, and modulators, while metal-free organics with NLO switchability near room temperature remain scarce. Herein, we report a hydrogen-bonded metal-free organic crystal, 2-methylpropan-2-aminium 2,2-dimethylpropanoate (1), exhibiting a room-temperature phase transition and favorable NLO switchability. Through investigations on its thermal anomalies, dielectric properties, and crystal structures, we uncover that 1 holds a near-room-temperature phase transition at 303 K from noncentrosymmetric point group C2v to centrosymmetric one D2h, which is attributed to the order-disorder transformations of both tert-butylamine cations and dimethylpropionic acid anions. Accompanied by symmetry change during the phase transition, 1 exhibits reversible and repeatable NLO "on-off" switchability with a desirable switching contrast ratio of ca. 19 between high and low NLO states. This discovery demonstrates a metal-free organic crystal with NLO switching behavior near room temperature, serving as a promising candidate in smart and ecofriendly photoelectric functional materials and devices.
Background: Tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma (TACC) is a rare, low-grade malignant tumor. The primary TACC usually metastasizes to the lung and bone, rarely involving the thyroid. Although some previous reports have described the imaging features of TACC with thyroid invasion, the multimodal ultrasound findings of TACC with thyroid invasion and mimicking thyroid tumors have not been reported before. Case Description: A 69-year-old woman who had been experiencing hoarseness for 2 years and a thyroid nodule for 2 months was presented to our clinic. Conventional ultrasound showed a hypoechoic nodule about 33×25×50 mm in the left lobe and isthmus of the thyroid, adjacent to the trachea and extending to the right lobe. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) showed that the nodule was unevenly enhanced, with iso-enhancement in the periphery and hypo-enhancement in most of the central area. Shear wave elastography showed that the maximum Young's modulus of nodules was 237.5 kPa, the minimum was 0.1 kPa, and the average was 60.5 kPa. Triiodothyronine, thyroxine, thyroid stimulating hormone and calcitonin were within the normal range. The patient underwent radical surgery with an uneventful postoperative recovery. Combined with the intraoperative findings and pathological examination, the diagnosis of TACC with thyroid invasion was made. Conclusions: This rare case shows that TACC invading the thyroid may be manifested as a thyroid tumor on ultrasound. Preoperative pathological examination and comprehensive imaging examination are of great significance for the clinical management of patients. We also reviewed the literature on the imaging findings and clinical performance for TACC with thyroid invasion.
When studies use different scales to measure continuous outcomes, standardised mean differences (SMD) are required to meta-analyse the data. However, outcomes are often reported as endpoint or change from baseline scores. Combining corresponding SMDs can be problematic and available guidance advises against this practice. We aimed to examine the impact of combining the two types of SMD in meta-analyses of depression severity. We used individual participant data on pharmacological interventions (89 studies, 27,409 participants) and internet-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy (iCBT; 61 studies, 13,687 participants) for depression to compare endpoint and change from baseline SMDs at the study level. Next, we performed pairwise (PWMA) and network meta-analyses (NMA) using endpoint SMDs, change from baseline SMDs, or a mixture of the two. Study-specific SMDs calculated from endpoint and change from baseline data were largely similar, although for iCBT interventions 25% of the studies at 3 months were associated with important differences between study-specific SMDs (median 0.01, IQR -0.10, 0.13) especially in smaller trials with baseline imbalances. However, when pooled, the differences between endpoint and change SMDs were negligible. Pooling only the more favourable of the two SMDs did not materially affect meta-analyses, resulting in differences of pooled SMDs up to 0.05 and 0.13 in the pharmacological and iCBT datasets, respectively. Our findings have implications for meta-analyses in depression, where we showed that the choice between endpoint and change scores for estimating SMDs had immaterial impact on summary meta-analytic estimates. Future studies should replicate and extend our analyses to fields other than depression.
During cell differentiation, growth, and development, cells can respond to extracellular stimuli through communication channels. Pannexin (Panx) family and connexin (Cx) family are two important types of channel-forming proteins. Panx family contains three members (Panx1-3) and is expressed widely in bone, cartilage and muscle. Although there is no sequence homology between Panx family and Cx family, they exhibit similar configurations and functions. Similar to Cxs, the key roles of Panxs in the maintenance of physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system and disease progression were gradually revealed later. Here, we seek to elucidate the structure of Panxs and their roles in regulating processes such as osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and muscle growth. We also focus on the comparison between Cx and Panx. As a new key target, Panxs expression imbalance and dysfunction in muscle and the therapeutic potentials of Panxs in joint diseases are also discussed.
Connexins , Disease Progression , Musculoskeletal System , Humans , Connexins/metabolism , Connexins/genetics , Musculoskeletal System/metabolism , Musculoskeletal System/pathology , Musculoskeletal System/physiopathology , Animals , Osteogenesis/physiology
AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of VC on SIMI in rats. METHODS: In this study, the survival rate of high dose VC for SIMI was evaluated within 7 days. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: Sham group, CLP group, and high dose VC (500 mg/kg i.v.) group. The animals in each group were treated with drugs for 1 day, 3 days or 5 days, respectively. Echocardiography, myocardial enzymes and HE were used to detect cardiac function. IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) in serum were measured using ELISA kits. Western blot was used to detect proteins related to apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. RESULTS: High dose VC improved the survival rate of SIMI within 7 days. Echocardiography, HE staining and myocardial enzymes showed that high-dose VC relieved SIMI in rats in a time-dependent manner. And compared with CLP group, high-dose VC decreased the expressions of pro-apoptotic proteins, while increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein. And compared with CLP group, high dose VC decreased phosphorylation levels of Erk1/2, P38, JNK, NF-κB and IKK α/ß in SIMI rats. High dose VC increased the expression of the protein Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, whereas decreased the expression of P62 in SIMI rats. Finally, high dose VC attenuated phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR compared with the CLP group. SIGNIFICANCE: Our results showed that high dose VC has a good protective effect on SIMI after continuous treatment, which may be mediated by inhibiting apoptosis and inflammatory, and promoting autophagy through regulating MAPK, NF-κB and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
Apoptosis , Autophagy , NF-kappa B , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sepsis , Signal Transduction , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases , Animals , TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , Rats , Apoptosis/drug effects , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Autophagy/drug effects , NF-kappa B/metabolism , Male , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism , Sepsis/drug therapy , Sepsis/complications , Sepsis/metabolism , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology
Women are more vulnerable to stress and have a higher likelihood of developing mood disorders. The serotonin (5HT) system has been highly implicated in stress response and mood regulation. However, sex-dependent mechanisms underlying serotonergic regulation of stress vulnerability remain poorly understood. Here, we report that adult hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs) of the Ascl1 lineage (Ascl1-NSCs) in female mice express functional 5HT1A receptors (5HT1ARs), and selective deletion of 5HT1ARs in Ascl1-NSCs decreases the Ascl1-NSC pool only in females. Mechanistically, 5HT1AR deletion in Ascl1-NSCs of females leads to 5HT-induced depolarization mediated by upregulation of 5HT7Rs. Furthermore, repeated restraint stress (RRS) impairs Ascl1-NSC maintenance through a 5HT1AR-mediated mechanism. By contrast, Ascl1-NSCs in males express 5HT7R receptors (5HT7Rs) that are downregulated by RRS, thus maintaining the Ascl1-NSC pool. These findings suggest that sex-specific expression of distinct 5HTRs and their differential interactions with stress may underlie sex differences in stress vulnerability.
Purpose: To assess the utility of fat fraction quantification using quantitative multi-echo Dixon for evaluating tumor proliferation and microvascular invasion (MVI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: A total of 66 patients with resection and histopathologic confirmed HCC were enrolled. Preoperative MRI with proton density fat fraction and R2* mapping was analyzed. Intratumoral and peritumoral regions were delineated with manually placed regions of interest at the maximum level of intratumoral fat. Correlation analysis explored the relationship between fat fraction and Ki67. The fat fraction and R2* were compared between high Ki67(>30%) and low Ki67 nodules, and between MVI negative and positive groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for further analysis if statistically different. Results: The median fat fraction of tumor (tFF) was higher than peritumor liver (5.24% vs 3.51%, P=0.012). The tFF was negatively correlated with Ki67 (r=-0.306, P=0.012), and tFF of high Ki67 nodules was lower than that of low Ki67 nodules (2.10% vs 4.90%, P=0.001). The tFF was a good estimator for low proliferation nodules (AUC 0.747, cut-off 3.39%, sensitivity 0.778, specificity 0.692). There was no significant difference in tFF and R2* between MVI positive and negative nodules (3.00% vs 2.90%, P=0.784; 55.80s-1 vs 49.15s-1, P=0.227). Conclusion: We infer that intratumor fat can be identified in HCC and fat fraction quantification using quantitative multi-echo Dixon can distinguish low proliferative HCCs.
Fabrication of large-area thin films through irreversible reactions remains a formidable task. This study reports a breakthrough strategy for in situ synthesis of large-area, free-standing, robust and multi-stimulus responsive thin films through a catalyst-free and irreversible Katritzky reaction at a liquid-liquid interface. The as resulted films are featured with adjustable thickness of 1-3â µm and an area up to 50â cm2. The thin films exhibit fast photo-mechanical motions (a response time of ca 0.1â s), vapor-mechanical motions, as well as photo-chromic and solvato-chromic behaviors. It was revealed that the reason behind the observable motions is proton transfer from the imine groups to the carbonyl structures within the film induced by photo- and/or dimethyl sulfoxide-stimulus. In addition, the films can harvest anionic radicals and the radicals as captured can be efficiently degraded under UV light illumination. This study provides a new strategy for fabricating smart thin films via interfacially confined irreversible Katritzky reaction.
Introduction: This study aimed to explore the transcriptomic profile of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) by investigating alterations in gene expression. Methods: A total of sixty-one women, comprising 31 individuals with POI in the POI group and 30 healthy women in the control group (HC group), aged between 24 and 40 years, were recruited for this study. The transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood samples from all study subjects were analyzed using RNA-sequencing. Results: The results revealed 39 differentially expressed genes in individuals with POI compared to healthy controls, with 10 upregulated and 29 downregulated genes. Correlation analysis highlighted the relationship between the expression of SLC25A39, CNIH3, and PDZK1IP1 and hormone levels. Additionally, an effective classification model was developed using SLC25A39, CNIH3, PDZK1IP1, SHISA4, and LOC389834. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated the involvement of these differentially expressed genes in the "haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex," while KEGG pathway analysis indicated their participation in the "Proteoglycans in cancer" pathway. Conclusion: The identified genes could play a crucial role in characterizing the genetic foundation of POI, potentially serving as valuable biomarkers for enhancing disease classification accuracy.
Patients suffering from sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) exhibit a high mortality rate, and their prognosis is closely associated with infiltration of neutrophils into the lungs. In this study, we found a significant elevation of CD64+ neutrophils, which highly expressed p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) in peripheral blood of mice and patients with sepsis-induced ALI. p75NTR+CD64+ neutrophils were also abundantly expressed in the lung of ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide. Conditional knock-out of the myeloid lineage's p75NTR gene improved the survival rates, attenuated lung tissue inflammation, reduced neutrophil infiltration and enhanced the phagocytic functions of CD64+ neutrophils. In vitro, p75NTR+CD64+ neutrophils exhibited an upregulation and compromised phagocytic activity in blood samples of ALI patients. Blocking p75NTR activity by soluble p75NTR extracellular domain peptide (p75ECD-Fc) boosted CD64+ neutrophils phagocytic activity and reduced inflammatory cytokine production via regulation of the NF-κB activity. The findings strongly indicate that p75NTR+CD64+ neutrophils are a novel pathogenic neutrophil subpopulation promoting sepsis-induced ALI.
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning radiomics nomogram (DLRN) based on B-mode ultrasound (BMUS) and color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) images for preoperative assessment of lymphovascular invasion (LVI) status in invasive breast cancer (IBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective study, 832 pathologically confirmed IBC patients were recruited from eight hospitals. The samples were divided into training, internal test, and external test sets. Deep learning and handcrafted radiomics features reflecting tumor phenotypes on BMUS and CDFI images were extracted. The BMUS score and CDFI score were calculated after radiomics feature selection. Subsequently, a DLRN was developed based on the scores and independent clinic-ultrasonic risk variables. The performance of the DLRN was evaluated for calibration, discrimination, and clinical usefulness. RESULTS: The DLRN predicted the LVI with accuracy, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90-0.95), 0.91 (95% CI 0.87-0.95), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.86-0.94) in the training, internal test, and external test sets, respectively, with good calibration. The DLRN demonstrated superior performance compared to the clinical model and single scores across all three sets (p < 0.05). Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curve confirmed the clinical utility of the model. Furthermore, significant enhancements in net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) indicated that the two scores could serve as highly valuable biomarkers for assessing LVI. CONCLUSION: The DLRN exhibited strong predictive value for LVI in IBC, providing valuable information for individualized treatment decisions.
Cu, as an essential and toxic element, has gained widespread attention. Both salinity and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are known to influence Cu toxicity in marine organisms. However, the intricate interplay between these factors and their specific influence on Cu toxicity remains ambiguous. So, this study conducted toxicity tests of Cu on Oryzias melastigma. The experiments involved three salinity levels (10, 20, and 30 ppt) and three DOC levels (0, 1, and 5 mg/L) to comprehensively investigate the underlying mechanisms of toxicity. The complex toxic effects were analyzed by mortality, NKA activity, net Na+ flux and Cu bioaccumulation in O. melastigma. The results indicate that Cu toxicity is notably influenced by both DOC and salinity. Interestingly, the discernible variation in Cu toxicity across different DOC levels diminishes as salinity levels increase. The presence of DOC enhances the impact of salinity on Cu toxicity, especially at higher Cu concentrations. Additionally, Visual MINTEQ was utilized to elucidate the chemical composition of Cu, revealing that DOC had a significant impact on Cu forms. Furthermore, we observed that fluctuations in salinity lead to the inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity, subsequently hindering the inflow of Na+. The effects of salinity and DOC on the bioaccumulation of copper were not significant. The influence of salinity on Cu toxicity is mainly through its effect on the osmotic regulation and biophysiology of O. melastigma. Additionally, DOC plays a crucial role in the different forms of Cu. Moreover, DOC-Cu complexes can be utilized by organisms. This study contributes to understanding the mechanism of copper's biological toxicity in intricate marine environments and serves as a valuable reference for developing marine water quality criteria for Cu.
Carbon , Copper , Oryzias , Salinity , Water Pollutants, Chemical , Copper/toxicity , Copper/metabolism , Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity , Water Pollutants, Chemical/metabolism , Carbon/metabolism , Oryzias/metabolism , Oryzias/physiology , Bioaccumulation
Sulfur-doped activated carbon has proved to be a promising metal-free catalyst for persulfate (PDS) catalytic activation for the oxidation of aqueous refractory organics. Herein, sulfur-doped porous carbon (ACS) catalysts with different pore structures and doped-S contents were prepared via a template method using d(+)-glucose as the carbon source, sulfur as the sulfur source, and nano-MgO with different particle sizes as templates. Characterization results showed that the particle size of MgO significantly affects the pore structure and doped-S content of ACSs catalysts: a sample synthesized with 20 nm MgO as template (ACS-20) presented the highest content of doped-S and a mesoporous structure, which endowed it with superior adsorption and catalytic performance toward tetracycline (TC) removal. The effect of catalyst dosage, TC concentration, PDS concentration and solution pH on TC removal efficiency were evaluated. The reaction mechanism, investigated by combination of EPR, quenching experiments and LC-MS, indicated that the reactive species included HO·, SO4Ë-, and 1O2, but that 1O2 played the dominant role in TC oxidation through a non-radical oxidation pathway. In addition, the reusability and regeneration properties of the ACS-20 catalyst were also studied. This work provides a promising strategy and some theoretical basis for the design and preparation of activated carbon catalysts for advanced oxidation reactions from the viewpoint of pore structure design and S-doping.
Background: The preoperative pathological diagnosis of rectal lesions is crucial for formulating treatment plans. For subepithelial lesions (SELs) and larger lesions with necrosis of the rectum, endoscopic forceps biopsy (EFB) cannot provide an accurate pathological diagnosis in most cases. By comparing the efficacy and safety of transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided transperineal core-needle biopsy (TRCEUS-TP-CNB) and EFB, this study explored the value of TRCEUS-TP-CNB in the diagnosis of complex rectal lesions, such as SELs. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with 32 consecutive patients with complex rectal lesions admitted to our hospital from May 2016 to June 2022. Clinical, ultrasound, and pathological data were collected from these patients who underwent EFB followed by TRCEUS-TP-CNB. Results: The success rate of EFB was 21.88% (7/32) and that of TRCEUS-TP-CNB was 93.75% (30/32). No significant complications were observed for either biopsy method. Factors affecting the success rate of EFB included the lesion width (cm) (1.90±0.62 vs. 4.26±2.40, P<0.001) and lesion thickness (cm) (1.29±0.51 vs. 2.96±1.75, P<0.001). The success rate of TRCEUS-TP-CNB was not affected by these factors. In the paired study of TRCEUS-TP-CNB and EFB, the times of samples per person (1 vs. 2.14±0.90, P=0.015), number of specimens per sample (8.27±1.93 vs. 3.31±1.67, P<0.001), lesion width (cm) (3.79±2.42 vs. 1.90±0.62, P=0.001), and lesion thickness (cm) (2.64±1.75 vs. 1.29±0.51, P=0.001) were the factors affecting the difference of the sampling success rate. In the SELs, the success rate of EFB was 10% (1/10) and that of TRCEUS-TP-CNB was 100% (10/10), and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P=0.004). Conclusions: TRCEUS-TP-CNB is an effective biopsy method for complex rectal lesions. The success rate of EFB is lower in the larger lesions. Compared with EFB, TRCEUS-TP-CNB required fewer times of samples be taken and obtained more specimens. For larger lesions and SELs of the rectum, TRCEUS-TP-CNB is expected to become one of the preferred biopsy methods.
ATAD3A is a mitochondrial membrane protein belonging to the ATPase family that contains the AAA+ domain. It is widely involved in mitochondrial metabolism, protein transport, cell growth, development and other important life processes. It has previously been reported that the deletion of ATAD3A causes growth and development defects in humans, mice and Caenorhabditis elegans. To delve into the mechanism underlying ATAD3A defects and their impact on development, we constructed a Bombyx mori ATAD3A (BmATAD3A) defect model in silkworm larvae. We aim to offer a reference for understanding ATAD3A genetic defects and elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms. The results showed that knockout of the BmATAD3A gene significantly affected the weight, survival rate, ATPase production and mitochondrial metabolism of individuals after 24 h of incubation. Combined metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis further demonstrated that BmATAD3A knockout inhibits amino acid biosynthesis through the regulation of mitochondrial ribosomal protein expression. Simultaneously, our findings indicate that BmATAD3A knockout impeded mitochondrial activity and ATPase synthesis and suppressed the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway through B. mori mitochondrial ribosomal protein L11 (BmmRpL11). These results provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibition of development caused by ATAD3A deficiency, offering a potential direction for targeted therapy in diseases associated with abnormal ATAD3A expression.
